Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees, 441 U.S. 463, 464 (1979).

29 U.S.C. § 141 et seq.

29 U.S.C. § 157.

29 U.S.C. §§ 157, 158(a)(1).

29 U.S.C. § 158(a)(3).

 M.G.L. c. 150E, § 11.

M.G.L. c. 150E, § 2.

M.G.L. c. 150E, § 5A.

M.G.L. c. 150E, § 6.

M.G.L. c. 150E, § 10(a)(5).

Madison Teachers, Inc. v. Walker, 358 Wis. 2d 1 (2014).

[1] Malin, M., LIFE AFTER ACT 10?: IS THERE A FUTURE FOR COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION OF WISCONSIN PUBLIC EMPLOYEES?, 96 Marq. L. Rev. 623 (2012).

Indiana Teachers Ass’n v. Board of Sch. Comm’rs, 918 F. Supp. 266, 269-270 (S.D. Ind. 1996).

Yeatman, C., THE BEN J. ALTHEIMER SYMPOSIUM PROTECTING THE BALLOT: TODAY'S ELECTION LAW AND VOTING RIGHTS ISSUES: NOTE: LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT-- NOT WAITING FOR SUPERMAN: COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AS AN AFFIRMATION OF TEACHERS' VALUE, 44 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 309 (2021).

Lindy, B., The Impact of Teacher Collective Bargaining Laws on Student Achievement: Evidence from a New Mexico Natural Experiment, 120 Yale L.J. 1130 (2011).

2025 Ut. HB 267.

Aerts, L. (2025) “UEA launches referendum signature campaign to Repeal Union Law, efforts to block it underway,” abc4.com. https://www.abc4.com/news/politics/inside-utah-politics/uea-launches-referendum-union-law/.

Aerts, L. Myers, T. (2025) “Bill to block public unions from collectively bargaining passes Utah house,” https://www.abc4.com/news/politics/inside-utah-politics/utah-legislature-ban-public-unions/UEA. (2025) “Protect Utah’s Public Educators and Students Now,” Utah Education Association. https://myuea.org/stopthepowergrab.